EV planning
EV Range Calculator
Estimate planned driving range from usable battery capacity, current charge, reserve, battery health and battery-side consumption in familiar km and mile units.
Estimate EV range
How is EV range calculated?
The calculator estimates energy available above your chosen reserve, then divides it by the vehicle's normalized battery-side consumption. State-of-charge and battery-health inputs are entered as percentages and normalized to decimal fractions before calculation.
Battery capacity, reserve and health
Use the vehicle's usable or net battery capacity when known. Battery health is an editable planning derating, not a measured state-of-health or degradation prediction. If your capacity already reflects current measured usable energy, use 100% health to avoid applying that derating twice.
Consumption units
The same physical consumption can be entered as kWh/100 km, Wh/km, mi/kWh or kWh/100 mi. Reciprocal mi/kWh values are converted correctly before range is calculated, so changing units does not change the underlying efficiency.
What this estimate does not model
Real range varies with speed, weather, terrain, traffic, temperature, payload, tire pressure and vehicle-specific behavior. This brand-neutral calculator does not use a vehicle database or claim a manufacturer range rating.
EV Driving Range Reference Matrix
Real-world driving range varies significantly by vehicle efficiency, driving speed, and ambient temperature. Here is how common battery capacities perform across driving profiles (based on 100% to 10% usable capacity window):
| Battery Pack Size | City Driving (4.0 mi/kWh) | Combined Average (3.4 mi/kWh) | Highway 75 mph (2.8 mi/kWh) | Winter Freezing (2.3 mi/kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 kWh Pack (e.g. Nissan Leaf, Mini SE) | ~180 mi (290 km) | ~153 mi (246 km) | ~126 mi (203 km) | ~104 mi (167 km) |
| 65 kWh Pack (e.g. Chevy Bolt, Kona EV) | ~234 mi (377 km) | ~199 mi (320 km) | ~164 mi (264 km) | ~135 mi (217 km) |
| 75 kWh Pack (e.g. Tesla Model 3/Y Long Range) | ~270 mi (435 km) | ~230 mi (370 km) | ~189 mi (304 km) | ~155 mi (249 km) |
| 100 kWh Pack (e.g. Model S/X, Taycan, Rivian) | ~360 mi (579 km) | ~306 mi (492 km) | ~252 mi (406 km) | ~207 mi (333 km) |
EV Driving Range Formulas
Calculates real-world driving distance in miles and kilometers from net usable battery capacity, current state of charge, and vehicle efficiency.
Available_kWh = Usable_kWh × (Current_SOC - Reserve_SOC) × Health | Range (mi) = Available_kWh × mi_per_kWhVariable Definitions
Usable_kWhUsable Battery Pack Energy(kWh)- Manufacturer net usable traction battery capacity.
Current_SOCCurrent Charge Level(fraction)- Starting state of charge percentage.
Reserve_SOCMinimum Reserve Buffer(fraction)- Target arrival state of charge cutoff (typically 10%–15%).
HealthBattery State of Health (SOH)(fraction)- Available capacity relative to new factory condition.
mi_per_kWhVehicle Efficiency(mi/kWh)- Real-world electrical economy (typically 3.0 to 4.0 mi/kWh, or 15–20 kWh/100km).
Engineering Notes & Standards
- Metric Range: Range (km) = (Available_kWh ÷ kWh_per_100km) × 100.
- Efficiency conversion: mi/kWh = 62.1371 ÷ (kWh/100 km).
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How far can an EV travel on 1 kWh of electricity?
Why is highway EV range lower than city driving range?
How much does cold winter weather reduce electric vehicle range?
What is the difference between usable (net) capacity and gross pack capacity?
Related EV planning tools
Use EV Charging Time Calculator to estimate a charging session when you know the charger and vehicle limits, or EV Charging Cost Calculator to estimate energy cost from a user-entered electricity price.